The discovery of the oldest hunting weapons in the Schöningen open-cast coal mine in 1994 caused a sensation in the archaeological world. Spears and throwing sticks dating back 300,000 years were found in remarkably well-preserved condition, shedding light on early human hunting practices. Extensive excavations over the years have uncovered numerous wooden objects from the same period, suggesting a hunting ground on the former lakeshore. An interdisciplinary research team from the Universities of Göttingen and Reading, and the Lower Saxony State Office for Cultural Heritage, has recently examined these objects using state-of-the-art imaging techniques, revealing new insights into early woodworking techniques.
For the first time, researchers have identified new ways of handling and working wood from the Palaeolithic period, such as the “splitting technique.” This involved sharpening small pieces of split wood to be used in processing hunted animals. The study also found evidence of extensive and varied processing of spruce and pine wood, with selected logs shaped into spears and throwing sticks at the site in Schöningen. The extraordinary preservation of the wooden objects has allowed for a detailed documentation and identification of woodworking techniques, highlighting the importance of wood as a crucial raw material for early human evolution.
The wide range of woodworking techniques, along with the various weapons and tools discovered at the Schöningen site, demonstrate the sophisticated work processes and technical know-how of early humans. Project leader Professor Thomas Terberger emphasizes the outstanding importance of wood as a raw material that is rarely preserved from this period, making the finds at Schöningen unique and significant. The site was recently included in the nomination list for UNESCO World Heritage Site, recognizing its contribution to the understanding of early human culture and evolution.
Funded by the German Research Foundation and the Ministry of Science and Culture of Lower Saxony, the study published in PNAS highlights the significance of the Schöningen finds in expanding our knowledge of early human history. The exceptional state of preservation of the wooden objects has enabled researchers to document and identify woodworking techniques in detail, offering a glimpse into the tools and weapons used by our ancient ancestors. The research team’s use of advanced imaging technologies has provided new insights into the ways in which early humans processed and utilized wood for hunting and toolmaking.
Overall, the discoveries at Schöningen contribute to our understanding of early human evolution, showcasing the sophisticated woodworking skills and technical prowess of our ancestors. The unique preservation of wooden objects from the Palaeolithic period offers a rare glimpse into the prehistoric past, highlighting the importance of wood as a key raw material for human development. With ongoing research and excavations, the Schöningen site continues to provide valuable insights into early human culture and technology, solidifying its place as an internationally significant archaeological site.
