Livestock play a crucial role in Africa’s food system and rural livelihoods, with the sector accounting for a significant portion of the continent’s agricultural gross domestic product. Despite the benefits that livestock bring in terms of providing crucial sources of food and income, there is often a perception that they are solely problematic from an environmental perspective, contributing to issues such as habitat loss, greenhouse gas emissions, and land degradation. This narrow view hinders much-needed investment in the sector.
As international conferences such as the Convention on Biological Diversity and the Climate Change Conference approach, it is essential to address misconceptions about livestock’s role in addressing environmental challenges. Animals like cows, goats, camels, and pigs can be seen as “solutions with legs” in combatting climate and biodiversity crises at scale, particularly in countries like Kenya where livestock are deeply ingrained in culture and livelihoods.
Livestock can actually be powerful agents of biodiversity conservation when managed correctly. Pastoralist communities in Kenya have long utilized well-managed grazing systems to maintain ecosystems, control invasive species, and promote biodiversity while earning income and producing essential goods. By integrating livestock into wildlife conservation strategies, healthy grasslands are maintained, and both livestock and wildlife populations benefit.
In terms of climate action, livestock’s potential extends beyond methane emissions. Improved rangeland management and climate-smart feeding practices can significantly reduce emissions and contribute to climate mitigation. Sustainable grazing practices can also play a crucial role in lowering the emissions intensity of meat and dairy production by promoting carbon sequestration in rangelands.
Livestock also play a vital role in climate adaptation, particularly in regions like Kenya’s arid and semi-arid lands. Through adaptive mobility and the use of indigenous livestock breeds adapted to harsh climates, pastoralists manage resources effectively and build resilience against climate stresses. Index-based livestock insurance further supports communities facing increasing climate variability.
Lastly, sustainable livestock management can be a tool for land restoration and rehabilitation in the face of global land degradation. By promoting soil health, regenerating landscapes, and preventing overgrazing through strategic grazing practices, livestock systems can help reverse the trend of degraded rangelands. International climate finance should prioritize supporting sustainable livestock systems, recognizing their unique role in addressing environmental challenges while also providing food security, livelihoods, and economic growth. Livestock should be seen as an integral part of the solution to environmental issues, especially in regions where communities depend on them for survival.
