A recent study of more than 36,000 American adults has suggested that excessive intake of dietary calcium during evening meals may increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. The study found that circadian rhythms regulate calcium absorption, with daylight hours being optimal for this process. However, excessive calcium intake, particularly from supplements, can contribute to cardiovascular issues. By reducing calcium intake during dinner and increasing it at breakfast, individuals may lower their risk of cardiovascular disease. The research, published in BMC Public Health, analyzed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys from 2003 to 2018. Participants included 17,456 males, 18,708 females, and 4,040 cardiovascular disease patients.
The study divided participants’ calcium intake from morning and evening meals into five quadrants, examining the impact on cardiovascular risk. Findings suggested that distributing calcium intake evenly between breakfast and dinner was most effective in reducing this risk. Substituting 5% of dinner calcium intake with that from breakfast resulted in a 6% reduction in overall cardiovascular disease risk. Though the study provides valuable insights, the authors caution that there may be other unknown factors influencing the results. Additionally, they stress the need for further research involving different races and countries to assess any differences or similarities in findings.
Calcium plays a crucial role in bone and teeth formation, muscle contraction, blood clotting, and heart muscle function. Cardiovascular disease is a leading global cause of death, with millions of fatalities reported annually. The relationship between calcium intake and cardiovascular disease may involve circadian rhythms, which influence nutrient absorption and metabolism in the body. Internal rhythms could regulate calcium absorption, impacting cardiovascular health. Research indicates higher calcium absorption during daylight hours due to the presence of hormones like parathyroid hormone necessary for calcium metabolism.
Excessive use of calcium supplements can pose risks, such as hypercalcemia, which can lead to heart arrhythmias, fainting, and calcium deposits in arteries. Increased calcium intake may contribute to inflammation, oxidative stress, and the development of cardiovascular diseases. While supplementation may be necessary for certain individuals, a balanced diet rich in calcium sources like leafy greens, nuts, seeds, and fortified dairy alternatives may eliminate the need for supplements. Factors influencing the decision to take calcium supplements include age, genetics, overall health, and dietary habits.
The body’s response to calcium absorption suggests that smaller, divided portions may be beneficial. Vitamin D enhances calcium absorption, making morning calcium intake advantageous, allowing for exposure to sunlight throughout the day. Alternatively, dividing calcium intake into smaller portions taken with meals can maximize absorption, as the body can only absorb a limited amount at a time. Supplements combining calcium with magnesium, vitamin D, and zinc may enhance bone support by increasing calcium absorption. Before starting calcium supplementation, individuals are advised to consult with a healthcare provider to assess their specific needs and risks associated with calcium intake. Further research is needed to explore the complex relationship between dietary calcium intake and cardiovascular disease risk.
