The issue of water scarcity is becoming increasingly urgent, especially in the Global South, as climate change and socioeconomic factors exacerbate the problem. A recent study by Utrecht University, published in Nature Climate Change, used a state-of-the-art model to assess clean water scarcity until the end of the century. The researchers found that 55% of the global population currently lives in areas that lack clean water for at least one month per year, a number that is projected to increase to 66% by the end of the century.
The study highlighted the complex interplay of climate change, socioeconomic factors, and water availability in assessing future water scarcity. While water scarcity is expected to intensify globally, there are significant regional variations in the impacts. Western Europe and North America are projected to experience increased water scarcity in specific months, primarily due to water quantity issues. In contrast, developing countries in the Global South are facing more widespread and persistent water scarcity, driven by rapid population growth, economic development, climate change, and deteriorating water quality.
One critical aspect of water scarcity that has been overlooked in previous assessments is water quality. The safety of water for human consumption and other uses depends on its quality, yet this factor has often been neglected in water scarcity assessments. The researchers emphasized the need to include water quality in assessments and management strategies for addressing water scarcity. In addition to reducing water demands, addressing water pollution is crucial in combating the global water crisis.
The lack of access to clean water poses a significant risk to both human populations and ecosystems, and addressing this issue requires a multifaceted approach. In addition to reducing water demands, improving water quality is essential in mitigating the impacts of water scarcity. The researchers stressed the importance of incorporating water quality considerations into future assessments and decision-making processes to effectively address the global water crisis.
Overall, the study highlights the urgent need to address water scarcity as a global challenge that will disproportionately impact vulnerable populations in the Global South. By integrating water quality considerations into water scarcity assessments and management strategies, policymakers and communities can work towards ensuring access to clean water for all. Efforts to reduce water demands and eliminate water pollution are essential in safeguarding this vital resource for future generations.