A recent study has found that following a ketogenic diet may help delay the onset of Alzheimer’s disease in mice. This diet, which is high in fat and low in carbs, resulted in an increase in beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) molecules that are associated with protection against neuroinflammation. While this study provides promising results, experts caution that further research in humans is needed to confirm these findings. The use of genetically modified mice in the research also means that the results may not directly translate to humans.
The mice in the study were divided into groups and given either a ketogenic diet or a standard carbohydrate-rich diet. The female mice showed higher levels of BHB, as well as brain enzymes associated with memory support, than the male mice. Surprisingly, the male mice that switched to a ketogenic diet later in life also showed improvements in spatial memory. The study, published in Nature Communications Biology, underscores the potential benefits of a keto diet in delaying the onset of cognitive decline associated with Alzheimer’s disease.
While a ketogenic diet has been shown to increase BHB levels, it is important to note that not all fats are created equal. Some fats, such as omega-3 fatty acids and fat-soluble vitamins, may have neuroprotective benefits, while excessive intake of saturated fats can have negative impacts on heart health and inflammation. It’s crucial to ensure a balanced intake of fats and other nutrients in the diet to avoid potential harms associated with long-term adherence to a keto diet. Consulting with a healthcare provider before making any dietary changes is highly recommended.
Dr. Gino A. Cortopassi, lead author of the study, explained how BHB levels increase in humans following a period of fasting or when on a ketogenic diet. These elevated levels of BHB have been associated with a reduction in systemic inflammatory cytokines, which may have implications for Alzheimer’s disease. While the study provides valuable insights into the potential benefits of a keto diet, more research is needed to confirm these findings in human populations. Making significant changes to one’s diet should be done in consultation with a healthcare provider.
Dr. Stefania Forner, of the Alzheimer’s Association, emphasized the need for human studies to validate the findings of the mouse study. While the results are intriguing, they do not provide conclusive evidence of the effectiveness of a ketogenic diet in preventing or treating Alzheimer’s disease in humans. The U.S. POINTER study, set to be published in 2025, aims to investigate the impact of lifestyle interventions, including diet, on cognitive function in older adults at risk for cognitive decline. Until then, individuals should not adopt a keto diet for Alzheimer’s prevention without consulting their healthcare provider first.
