The Cabinet in Japan has approved a plan to sell future next-generation fighter jets to other countries, marking a departure from the country’s pacifist principles post-World War II. The decision is aimed at securing Japan’s role in a project to develop a new fighter jet with Italy and the U.K. while also bolstering Japan’s arms industry and global presence. Although Japan does not plan to export co-developed lethal weapons other than the new fighters, the decision signifies a shift in the country’s weapons export rules.
The recent approval by the Cabinet in Japan involves a revision to the country’s guidelines for selling defense equipment overseas, authorizing sales of the future fighter jet. While the government states it has no plans to export other co-developed lethal weapons, a change in the guidelines would require Cabinet approval. This marks a significant shift from Japan’s long-standing prohibition on most arms exports, signaling a response to rising regional tensions and global pressures.
Japan is collaborating with Italy and the U.K. to develop an advanced fighter jet to replace its aging fleet of F-2 fighters and the Eurofighter Typhoons used by the U.K. and Italy. The new joint project, known as the Global Combat Air Program, aims to enhance Japan’s technological capabilities amid growing regional tensions, particularly with rivals China and Russia. The new fighter jet is expected to offer superior sensing and stealth capabilities compared to existing models.
The shift in Japan’s stance on arms exports can be attributed to the need to develop the new fighter jet and prevent the country from being limited to a supporting role in the project. By allowing exports of co-produced lethal weapons to other countries for the first time, Japan stands to benefit from revenue generation and enhanced defense industry capabilities. Moreover, the move aligns with Prime Minister Kishida’s efforts to strengthen Japan’s military and defense partnerships in response to regional threats.
The decision to ease restrictions on arms exports has sparked controversy in Japan due to its wartime past and strict policies limiting military equipment transfers. Opposition lawmakers and pacifist activists have criticized the government for committing to the fighter jet project without public explanation or approval. Despite public opinion being divided on the plan, the government has assured restrictions on exports of co-developed lethal weapons to the jet and vowed not to sell weapons for active wars.
Looking ahead, potential markets for Japan’s new fighter jet include countries with defense partnership agreements like the U.S., Germany, India, and Vietnam. The government may also explore expanding the list of approved weapons and components under the new export guidelines. Prime Minister Kishida’s upcoming visit to Washington in April is expected to focus on enhancing defense and weapons industry cooperation, as well as strengthening alliances like AUKUS. Overall, the decision to ease restrictions on arms exports reflects Japan’s evolving defense priorities and efforts to play a larger role in regional security partnerships.
