Researchers from Universitas Sumatera Utara have found that following the Mediterranean diet may reduce the risk of COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The Mediterranean diet has gained popularity due to its healthy mix of plant-based foods, healthy fats, and whole grains. Past studies have linked this diet to lower blood pressure, cholesterol, blood sugar levels, and a decreased risk of diseases such as type 2 diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Research has also suggested a correlation between the Mediterranean diet and reduced risk of viruses like the common cold. The recent study analyzed data from six previous studies with a total of over 55,000 participants and found that adherence to the Mediterranean diet may provide protection against COVID-19 infection.
Despite global vaccination efforts and preventive measures, multiple waves of COVID-19 infections continue to be reported worldwide. The recent Olympic games saw over 40 athletes testing positive for the virus, highlighting the ongoing threat. Reinfection and multiple reinfections in individuals are also concerning factors. The correlation between nutrition and immunity is complex, with the Mediterranean diet offering benefits such as immunomodulation and anti-inflammatory effects due to components like olive oil rich in polyphenols and unsaturated fatty acids. The high fiber intake in the Mediterranean diet promotes the health of intestinal microbiota, which influences the immune system. While the study found lower odds of COVID-19 infection in those adhering to the Mediterranean diet, the exact extent of reduction remains unclear.
Monique Richard, a registered dietitian nutritionist, observed that individuals with lower risks, severity, or recurrence of COVID-19 tended to follow an anti-inflammatory dietary pattern found in the Mediterranean diet. However, it’s essential to remember that diet alone does not determine COVID-19 outcomes, as various factors including health conditions, genetic predisposition, exposure level, and environment play a role. David Cutler, a family medicine physician, emphasized the importance of not assuming causation between diet and COVID-19 outcomes. While a healthy diet like the Mediterranean diet is beneficial, preventive measures such as wearing masks are crucial for lowering COVID-19 infection risk. It’s important to focus on preventing COVID-19 in the first place rather than solely relying on dietary changes.
To reduce the risk of infection from not only COVID-19 but also other viruses like the flu, meeting with a dietitian or nutrition expert is recommended to determine individual needs. Immune-supportive nutrients found in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, proteins, and fats play a vital role in immune health. Inquiring about daily fruit, vegetable, protein, and fat servings, as well as the quality of fat sources and antioxidant-rich spices, can help assess dietary habits. Overconsumption of certain nutrients through supplements can have unintended consequences, so obtaining nutrients from whole foods is preferable. Simple dietary changes like including a variety of fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, and healthy fats can support immune health and overall well-being. Keeping the diet balanced and varied with nutrient-rich foods is key to supporting the immune system and reducing the risk of infections.
