Earthquakes are caused by the movement of tectonic plates in the Earth’s crust. When the force between the plates exceeds the friction holding them together, they move suddenly, releasing pressure in the form of seismic waves that cause the ground to shake. While most earthquakes occur at the boundaries of tectonic plates, they can also happen within a plate. Human activities, such as oil production, can also trigger earthquakes. However, earthquakes cannot be accurately predicted in terms of location or timing, although hazard maps provide an estimate of the likelihood of future earthquakes.
To prepare for earthquakes, it is recommended to secure items in your home that could become projectiles during shaking. This includes fastening furniture and appliances to prevent them from falling or causing injuries. It is also advisable to have an emergency kit with supplies like food, water, medications, and first-aid items. Earthquake early warning systems, such as ShakeAlert, can provide a few seconds of advance notice before shaking begins, allowing individuals to take protective measures. Acting quickly and being prepared can help minimize the impact of an earthquake.
During an earthquake, it is crucial to follow the “Drop, Cover, and Hold On” protocol. This involves dropping to the ground, taking cover under a sturdy piece of furniture, and holding on to protect yourself from falling objects or debris. It is no longer recommended to stand in a doorway as they are no longer structurally stronger than other parts of a building. For those with mobility aids like wheelchairs or walkers, it is advised to remain seated, bend over, and cover your head and neck. Situational awareness is key in any location, as being able to protect yourself quickly is essential.
Remembering to drop to the ground and find a way to protect yourself, whether indoors or outdoors, is crucial during an earthquake. Even if driving or in a public space, staying low to the ground and seeking cover is the best course of action. It is important to avoid panicking and instead focus on taking steps to ensure personal safety. By understanding the basic principles of earthquake safety and being prepared with supplies and a plan, individuals can minimize the risks associated with earthquakes. Earthquakes are a natural phenomenon that cannot be prevented, but being informed and ready can make a significant difference in how they are experienced.
