Researchers from the University of Essex have identified 14 “skinny genes” that may play a role in weight loss. These genes are related to energy balance and metabolic pathways that use fuels in the body. Previous research has shown the role of each gene separately, but this study found that they work together to affect weight loss. The PARGC1A gene, which encodes for PGC-1α – a protein that regulates energy metabolism, was identified as key in study participants who lost the most weight.
The study recruited 38 adult participants between the ages of 20 and 40, who were randomly assigned to an exercise training group or a control group for eight weeks. Participants were screened for 1,000 gene variants, and researchers found a combination of 14 genes that may improve weight loss. Those in the exercise group with the most “skinny genes” lost up to 5 kg (11 lbs) during the study, while those without them only dropped an average of 2 kg (4.4 lbs). The PARGC1A gene seemed to be crucial for weight loss, as it facilitates the transport of fatty acids across cell membranes and enhances the breakdown of fatty acids for energy.
While having “skinny genes” may assist with the weight loss process, researchers emphasize the importance of still exercising and eating healthy. The genetic potential will only flourish when stress is added to the body systems, leading them to respond and adapt. There are no one-size-fits-all approaches to weight loss, and personalized training strategies are needed. Furthermore, the study has some limitations, such as using a genotype DNA chip with only 1,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms, potentially omitting some interactions.
According to Mir Ali, MD, a board-certified bariatric surgeon, genetics is a significant contributing factor to an individual’s weight and body composition, but it is not the only component. A healthy diet and exercise are still important for everyone, regardless of genetic predisposition. Finding the right diet and exercise regimen that works best for each individual can be challenging, as there is no perfect solution that works for everyone. Extending research to include the optimal diet for different genetic types could help patients determine what is best for them to achieve and maintain good health.
Overall, obesity is a multifactorial disease, with genetics playing a role, but lifestyle factors such as diet and exercise are still vital for maintaining a healthy weight. Despite having “skinny genes,” individuals must still focus on healthy habits to avoid health issues. Research into the interactions between genetics, diet, and obesity is needed to further understand the complexities of weight loss and how to tailor interventions to individual genetic profiles. Ultimately, personalized training strategies and a combination of healthy habits are key to successful weight management and overall health.
