A recent study published in Science Advances, led by Oregon State University chemistry researcher Xiulei “David” Ji, suggests that iron can be used as a cathode material in lithium-ion batteries, instead of the more expensive cobalt and nickel. This discovery could potentially revolutionize the battery industry, offering higher energy density and lower costs. Iron is a much cheaper metal commodity, costing less than a dollar per kilogram, compared to nickel and cobalt. Additionally, iron-based cathodes would lead to greater safety and sustainability, making them an attractive option for the future.
Currently, the cathode represents 50% of the cost in making a lithium-ion battery cell, making iron-based cathodes an economically viable solution. As global demand for nickel and cobalt continues to rise with the increasing production of lithium-ion batteries for electric vehicles, shortages in these elements are predicted in the near future. Moreover, pushing the energy density of nickel and cobalt batteries to its limit poses safety risks, as oxygen released during charging could cause batteries to ignite. Cobalt is also toxic, potentially contaminating ecosystems and water sources if it leaks out of landfills.
Iron, being the most common element on Earth by mass and the fourth-most abundant element in the Earth’s crust, offers a sustainable alternative to scarce and expensive metals like cobalt and nickel. By increasing the reactivity of iron in their cathode through chemical design, the researchers were able to create a more efficient and cost-effective battery that can be easily integrated into existing production lines. Although storage efficiency still needs improvement, this new iron-based cathode shows promise for a greener, cheaper, and more efficient battery for various applications.
Ji emphasizes the importance of investing in this emerging technology, noting that with the right resources and support, this iron-based cathode could soon become commercially available. By utilizing easily accessible resources like iron and existing battery technologies, the industry can transition to a more sustainable and cost-effective solution. Additionally, the recyclability of iron makes it an environmentally friendly option, as it can simply turn into rust when not in use. Overall, this research has the potential to revolutionize battery technology and pave the way for a more sustainable and affordable energy storage solution.
The study was funded by the Basic Energy Sciences program of the U.S. Department of Energy and involved collaborations with researchers from various universities and national laboratories. By working together to develop innovative solutions like iron-based cathodes for lithium-ion batteries, scientists are driving the green battery revolution forward. With continued research and investment in this technology, the prospects for a more sustainable and cost-effective energy storage solution are promising.