Prostate cancer is currently the most common cancer among men in 112 different countries, accounting for about 15% of all male cancers globally. The number of new prostate cancer cases is expected to nearly double from 1.4 million in 2020 to 2.9 million by 2040, highlighting a significant increase in just two decades. Factors contributing to this surge include a growing population, longer life expectancy, and a general trend of increasing prostate cancer rates over the years.
The Lancet Commission on Prostate Cancer emphasized the importance of addressing this rising trend urgently to prevent a rapid increase in global deaths from the disease. Surveillance is crucial as prostate cancer often does not present symptoms until later stages, making early detection through regular PSA level checks essential, especially for those at higher risk. However, access to testing may be limited in lower income settings, leading to delayed diagnoses and poor outcomes for many individuals.
Despite the usefulness of PSA testing, limitations exist as elevated levels do not always signify prostate cancer, while normal levels do not always rule it out. Biopsies can confirm a diagnosis, but are not practical for routine screening due to costs and invasiveness. The Lancet Commission called for the development of more accurate testing options, such as new blood tests and imaging methods, to improve the precision of prostate cancer screening.
Treatment for prostate cancer has evolved over the years, offering more options compared to the past. However, current treatments may not completely eradicate the cancer and come with side effects such as urinary incontinence and erectile dysfunction. The Lancet Commission urged further research into developing more effective treatment strategies with fewer negative impacts on patients. Additionally, a focus on diversity in research efforts is essential to address the varying incidence rates of prostate cancer among different demographic groups.
The Lancet Commission’s recommendations for prostate cancer prevention, detection, and treatment will require significant financial resources and support from political and business leaders. The question remains whether these leaders will prioritize the urgent action needed to address the growing burden of prostate cancer globally. Failure to act promptly could result in a dramatic increase in deaths from the disease in the coming years, underscoring the importance of taking prostate cancer seriously and implementing proactive measures to combat its rise.
