Narendra Modi is set to take oath as India’s prime minister for a third term, but this time with a diverse set of coalition partners due to losing his parliamentary majority. The spotlight has shifted to these coalition partners and opposition parties as Mr. Modi presents himself as a more modest administrator. Analysts believe this change could signal a move toward moderation in a country that was being molded into a Hindu-first nation. However, doubts remain about whether Mr. Modi can truly become a consensus builder after years of using power levers to keep opponents in check.
Mr. Modi’s heavy-handed approach to politics and lack of experience in the opposition have shaped his governance style. His historic victories in Gujarat and at the national level with the BJP have allowed him to swiftly implement the party’s right-wing agenda. However, recent setbacks, such as the loss of his parliamentary majority and the need to form a coalition government, have forced Mr. Modi to shift his approach. Despite this, his party’s agenda of enacting a uniform civil code and other controversial measures may face challenges under a coalition government with secular partners.
Mr. Modi’s power and influence have led to drastic policy decisions, such as demonetization and the revocation of Kashmir’s special status, that have faced backlash and protests in India. The reliance on executive action over parliamentary procedures has been a hallmark of his governance, leading to accusations of authoritarianism. The recent election results, which fell short of the BJP’s expectations, have raised questions about Mr. Modi’s ability to navigate a coalition government and address the diverse needs of India’s population.
The shift in Mr. Modi’s approach was evident in his actions leading up to the swearing-in ceremony, where he displayed a more collaborative attitude toward coalition partners. This contrasts with his past behavior of using pressure tactics to shore up support within his party and secure allegiance from opponents. The new political landscape in India, with secular coalition partners, may force Mr. Modi to compromise on certain ideological issues and focus on economic development to maintain his popularity.
Analysts believe that Mr. Modi’s popularity rests on his dual image as a champion of economic development and a Hindu nationalist leader. The recent rebuke by voters, resulting in the loss of his parliamentary majority, may prompt Mr. Modi to emphasize his development credentials. However, his past association with the Hindu nationalist movement and controversial policies could continue to shape his governance. The challenge for Mr. Modi now lies in balancing the demands of his coalition partners, addressing the concerns of the opposition, and delivering on his promises to the Indian people for better governance and economic growth.
