Individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often experience hyperfixations on specific foods, leading them to eat the same meal repeatedly until they lose interest. This behavior is driven by the brain’s need for dopamine, which is disrupted in people with ADHD, leaving them constantly seeking reward without satisfaction. Hyperfixations can also be related to executive functioning issues, making decision-making challenging and causing individuals to stick to a limited range of foods. While there’s nothing wrong with enjoying certain foods as part of a varied diet, eating the same meal exclusively can lead to nutritional deficiencies and other health problems.
People with ADHD and other neurodivergences may exhibit hyperfixations on certain foods as a coping mechanism during stressful times. These hyperfixation meals are typically more palatable foods, such as candy or comfort foods, that provide a sense of routine and familiarity. However, relying on these foods exclusively can have negative consequences, as seen in cases where individuals develop malnutrition from eating only pizza. Hyperfixations are not limited to ADHD and are also experienced by individuals with autism spectrum disorder, albeit for different reasons related to sensory preferences and seeking reward.
Hyperfixations differ from hyperfocus, which is a goal-oriented intense interest that can promote productivity and positive feelings. While hyperfocus is typically beneficial, hyperfixations can be disruptive and impair daily functioning. Experts become concerned when hyperfixation meals interfere with everyday life or verge into disordered eating territory, leading to nutritional deficiencies and other health issues. Signs to watch out for include skipping meals, eating excessively all at once, and having strong preferences that make it difficult to eat socially.
Managing hyperfixation meals can be challenging, but seeking professional help and developing coping strategies can make a difference. Working with a therapist and making small changes to include more nutritious food options can help individuals with ADHD maintain a balanced diet. It’s important to not be too hard on oneself during demanding times and to practice self-compassion. Understanding the reasons behind hyperfixations and finding ways to address them can help individuals with neurodivergences lead a healthier and more balanced lifestyle.
