Dark matter is a significant mystery in modern science, comprising about 85% of the mass of the universe but remaining invisible to direct observation. The Broadband Reflector Experiment for Axion Detection, or BREAD, led by the University of Chicago and Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, has released its initial results, appearing in Physical Review Letters. While dark matter was not found, the study narrowed the constraints for where it might exist and showcased a unique approach that could accelerate the search for dark matter while occupying relatively little space and cost.
The experiment’s co-leaders, UChicago’s David Miller and Fermilab’s Andrew Sonnenschein, emphasized the practical advantages and sensitivity of the experiment’s design, particularly in the 11-12 gigahertz frequency. The study’s lead author, Fermilab postdoctoral scholar Stefan Knirck, highlighted the significance of the results as a step forward for the experiment’s concept, demonstrating its potential impact on modern particle physics. These findings showcase the power of creative and impactful collaborations between universities and national laboratories in tackling challenging scientific questions.
Dark matter’s presence is inferred from its gravitational effects on stars and galaxies, despite being undetectable by telescopes. The search for dark matter typically involves building detectors to search specific areas or frequencies to rule out possibilities. The BREAD detector employs a broadband approach, allowing it to scan a larger set of frequencies with slightly less precision than traditional methods. By focusing on dark matter in the form of axions or dark photons, the detector’s small size and unique design offer promising results in the search for these elusive particles.
The BREAD detector consists of a metal tube with a curved surface that funnels potential photons to a sensor, designed to convert dark matter particles into visible photons under specific conditions. While the prototype is currently operated without magnets, future versions will include a strong magnetic field to enhance photon conversion efficiency. The experiment’s success at UChicago has paved the way for further data collection within a repurposed MRI magnet at Argonne National Laboratory before establishing a permanent home at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory.
The collaboration’s interdisciplinary efforts involve universities and national laboratories, such as Fermilab, UChicago, and Argonne National Laboratory, as well as other institutions and entities working on future iterations of the experiment. The BREAD project’s advancements are supported by funding from the U.S. Department of Energy, the University of Chicago Joint Task Force Initiative, and various research fellowships. The team’s creative approach and commitment to addressing open questions in science exemplify the potential for innovative solutions to complex challenges within the scientific community.
