Strategically planting perennial grass in corn and soybean fields can help address environmental issues such as soil erosion and greenhouse gas emissions. However, to make this transition financially viable for farmers, research led by Iowa State University landscape ecologist Lisa Schulte Moore has focused on converting harvested grass into renewable natural gas. The goal is to create a win-win situation for farmers, businesses, municipalities, and society by utilizing existing markets and infrastructure to reduce costs and facilitate an energy transition.
Recent peer-reviewed articles by Schulte Moore’s research group have analyzed the economic feasibility of grass-to-gas production in various settings. The studies aim to quantify the energy production potential, cost-effectiveness, and environmental benefits of replacing natural gas with sustainable resources. The research is part of an ongoing project funded by federal grants and foundation support to optimize and expand the use of anaerobic digesters, which convert organic matter into biogas that can be processed into renewable natural gas.
One study published in BioEnergy Research modeled a network of digesters supplying heat and power to the city of Ames using various feedstock supplies, including grassy biomass. The analysis found that renewable natural gas production was the most economically practical focus, with the potential for incentives to make pricing competitive. By showcasing how digester supply chains can serve city needs, the researchers aim to help municipal leaders envision possibilities for transitioning to cleaner energy sources.
Another study published in Global Change Biology Bioenergy modeled the economic and environmental impact of digesters processing grassy biomass in the Grand River Basin. The analysis showed that over a 20-year lifespan, the digesters could produce a combined profit of over $400 million and significantly reduce carbon emissions compared to fossil fuel sources. The successful scenarios rely on high-yield grass production, prairie restoration, and participation in carbon credit programs to maximize value and environmental benefits.
To ensure the accuracy of their models, researchers are continuously refining their methods and incorporating new data collected in Iowa. By providing a road map for building infrastructure and reducing future costs, the research aims to facilitate the widespread adoption of grass-to-gas technology. Municipal wastewater officials are also showing interest in anaerobic digestion as a way to provide continuous service to customers while planning for the future, highlighting the potential for sustainable energy solutions to benefit various stakeholders in the supply chain.
