Researchers have developed a genetic test that may help determine if semaglutide weight loss medications, such as Wegovy, will be effective in helping an individual lose weight. The test provides a risk score that can identify who is most likely to respond positively to the treatment. Clinical trials showed that individuals identified as “hungry gut” positive lost twice as much weight as those who were “hungry gut” negative. The research was presented at the Digestive Disease Week 2024 conference, and researchers used a machine-learning gene risk score to predict the “hungry gut” phenotype.
In the study, 84 individuals with obesity or other weight management issues participated. Saliva or blood samples were collected for genetic analysis, and information on participants’ eating habits was gathered. Participants took semaglutide medication for one year, and total body weight loss was recorded at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. The probability of a positive response to semaglutide was determined based on the type of weight management issue. The results showed that those identified as “hungry gut” positive lost significantly more weight compared to those who were identified as “hungry gut” negative.
The researchers at the Mayo Clinic in Minnesota developed a test called MyPhenome that categorizes different types of obesity phenotypes to help improve weight loss. These phenotypes include hungry brain, hungry gut, emotional hunger, and slow burn. The test was used in adults undergoing weight loss treatments, specifically those prescribed semaglutide. The presentation indicated that the test accurately predicts who will respond to semaglutide with 75% accuracy, without the need for trial and error to determine medication efficacy.
Semaglutide is a newer obesity medication that may not always be covered by health insurance, leading individuals to pay out of pocket, which can be costly. Despite potential side effects such as gastrointestinal symptoms like nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, or constipation, researchers believe that the genetic test can help physicians and individuals make more informed decisions about whether to try the medication. However, not all physicians may choose to use the risk score calculator in their practice, as it may not provide substantial benefit over other factors considered before prescribing weight loss medications.
Dr. Mir Ali, a bariatric surgeon, emphasizes the importance of using weight loss tools, including medications like semaglutide, in conjunction with healthy eating habits and lifelong changes. While some physicians may rely on criteria such as BMI, extent of past weight loss efforts, and eligibility for weight loss surgery when considering weight loss medications, others may find the genetic test helpful in identifying who may respond positively to semaglutide treatment. Ultimately, the goal is to educate individuals on optimal use of weight loss tools to achieve sustainable weight loss and improved overall health.
