A team of international researchers has developed a natural fabric that could help urban residents combat rising temperatures in cities caused by buildings, asphalt, and concrete. As heatwaves become more common, cooling textiles could potentially eliminate the need for greenhouse gas-emitting air conditioners in cities. Engineers from Zhengzhou University and the University of South Australia have designed a wearable fabric that reflects sunlight, allows heat to escape, and blocks the sun’s rays to lower temperatures. The fabric, described in the latest issue of Science Bulletin, offers relief to city dwellers experiencing warmer temperatures due to climate change.
The fabric leverages the principle of radiative cooling, a natural process where materials emit heat into the atmosphere and space. Unlike traditional fabrics that retain heat, the cooling textiles consist of three layers that are engineered to optimize cooling. The upper layer is made of polymethyl pentene fibers, allowing heat to radiate effectively. The middle layer composed of silver nanowires enhances the fabric’s reflectivity, preventing additional heat from reaching the body. The bottom layer made of wool directs heat away from the skin, ensuring wearers remain cool in urban environments.
Experimental results show that the fabric is 2.3°C cooler than traditional textiles when placed vertically and up to 6.2°C cooler than the surrounding environment when used as a horizontal surface covering. This passive cooling capability offers a sustainable alternative to traditional air conditioning, reducing energy consumption and easing the strain on power grids during heatwaves. Researchers from Zhengzhou University highlight that the technology not only addresses urban heat islands’ immediate issues but also contributes to broader efforts to mitigate climate change and promote sustainable urban living.
The researchers are optimistic about the fabric’s potential applications beyond wearable textiles, suggesting it could be adapted for construction materials, outdoor furniture, and urban planning. While the fabric shows significant promise, the current production process is expensive, and the textiles’ long-term durability requires further investigation and government support before commercialization can occur. Consumer interest in paying more for wearable fabrics will depend on the cooling effect, durability, comfort, and environmental awareness surrounding the product.
Overall, the development of cooling textiles represents a significant step towards addressing the challenges of urban heat islands and climate change. By providing a sustainable alternative to traditional cooling methods, the fabric has the potential to make cities more comfortable and reduce energy consumption during heatwaves. With further research and support, this innovative technology could be instrumental in creating cooler and more sustainable urban environments worldwide.