European Union members are discussing ways to increase the voluntary return of Syrian refugees to their war-torn country. This idea has gained traction in recent months, but remains controversial. The talks, promoted by Hungary, the current EU Council presidency chair, were based on a document presented by the European Commission which emphasized the role of the UN Refugee Agency (UNHCR) in supporting the return of Syrian refugees, with returns taking place strictly on a voluntary basis. Due to the principle of non-refoulement, the EU cannot forcibly deport Syrians who have been granted asylum.
The lack of diplomatic relations with Bashar al-Assad’s regime and the volatile situation in the Middle East, with hostilities between Israel and Lebanon, have impacted the movement of refugees. Since the start of the Syrian Civil War in 2011, millions have fled their homes, seeking protection in nearby countries and Europe. European countries currently host over one million Syrian asylum seekers and refugees, with Germany hosting 59% of them. Reasons cited for the low rate of voluntary returns to Syria include concerns over security, livelihoods, basic services, and housing, as well as the ongoing poverty affecting 90% of the population in Syria.
Human Rights Watch has warned about the risks faced by Syrians fleeing violence in Lebanon and potentially facing repression and persecution by the Syrian government upon return, including enforced disappearance, torture, and death in detention. The European Commission has also expressed concerns about the current circumstances in Syria not being conducive to safe and dignified repatriations. While talks among EU member states are ongoing, no immediate breakthrough is expected, but the fact discussion is occurring signifies a growing political willingness to address the controversial issue. Recent EU leaders endorsed a hardened approach to migration management and tasked the Commission with exploring outsourcing projects and reviewing the concept of “safe third countries” to expedite deportations.
Earlier this month, eight EU member states, led by Italy and Austria, called for a new EU strategy on Syria that is more active, results-oriented, and operational. The European External Action Service (EEAS) has confirmed consideration of appointing a special envoy for Syria, in line with Italy’s request. Since 2011, the EU and member states have provided more than €30 billion in humanitarian and development aid to support Syrians in both their country and the region. Despite the current challenges and concerns, there is a push within the EU to address the issue of Syrian refugee returns in a safe, voluntary, and dignified manner, as defined by the UNHCR. Ongoing discussions among member states are expected to continue in the coming months, with the aim of finding possible solutions to facilitate the return of Syrian refugees.
