A recent study published in Neurology® suggests that older individuals who experience excessive daytime sleepiness and lack enthusiasm for activities due to sleep issues may be at a higher risk of developing a condition known as motoric cognitive risk syndrome, which can ultimately lead to dementia. Motoric cognitive risk syndrome is characterized by a slow walking speed and mild memory problems, although individuals do not yet have a mobility disability or dementia. The study, conducted by Dr. Victoire Leroy of Albert Einstein College of Medicine, found that individuals with sleep-related issues were more likely to develop this syndrome, highlighting the importance of screening for sleep problems to potentially prevent cognitive decline later in life.
The study involved 445 participants with an average age of 76 who did not have dementia at the start of the study. Participants completed questionnaires on their sleep habits and were tested for memory issues and walking speed both at the beginning of the study and annually for an average of three years. Questions on the sleep assessment included inquiries about trouble falling asleep, waking up in the middle of the night, and excessive daytime sleepiness, among others. Results showed that those with excessive daytime sleepiness and lack of enthusiasm were more than three times as likely to develop motoric cognitive risk syndrome compared to those without sleep-related problems, even after adjusting for other risk factors.
Of the participants who met the criteria for poor sleepers, 42 individuals had motoric cognitive risk syndrome at the start of the study, and an additional 36 participants developed the syndrome during the study period. The study findings suggest a significant association between sleep disturbances and the risk of motoric cognitive risk syndrome, emphasizing the importance of further research to understand the mechanisms underlying this relationship. Leroy noted the need for future studies to explore the link between sleep problems and cognitive decline, as well as the role of motoric cognitive risk syndrome in this process.
A key limitation of the study was the reliance on self-reported sleep information from participants, which may introduce inaccuracies or biases in the data. However, the study provides valuable insights into the potential impact of sleep issues on cognitive health in older adults and highlights the importance of early intervention to address sleep disturbances. Leroy and the research team called for additional research to delve deeper into the connections between sleep problems, motoric cognitive risk syndrome, and cognitive decline, with the goal of developing targeted interventions to support healthy aging.
Overall, the study underscores the importance of identifying and addressing sleep-related issues in older adults to mitigate the risk of cognitive decline associated with conditions like motoric cognitive risk syndrome. By evaluating sleep habits and implementing interventions to improve sleep quality, individuals may be able to reduce their risk of developing cognitive impairment later in life. Further research is needed to elucidate the complex relationship between sleep disturbances, motoric cognitive risk syndrome, and cognitive decline, with the hope of developing effective strategies for maintaining cognitive health in aging populations.