A new study has found that a diet heavy in ultra-processed foods may increase the risk of mortality among older Americans by as much as 10%. The research tracked the diet and health of over half a million participants over more than 20 years, with the highest level of ultra-processed food consumption seen in the younger members of the older adult cohort. People who consumed significant amounts of ultra-processed foods were found to be 10% more likely to die during the study’s follow-up period than those who did not.
The study utilized the NOVA system to classify foods according to the degree and type of processing used in their preparation. In addition to looking at NOVA processing, the researchers also examined Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2015 scores, noting that individuals with higher ultra-processed food intake tended to have lower diet quality and a higher BMI. The researchers took measures to validate their food frequency questionnaires through expert consensus and a novel food-based approach to define ultra-processed food intake.
The research found that ultra-processed foods are typically higher in added sugars, unhealthy fats, and additives, while lacking essential nutrients such as fiber and vitamins. These foods may increase oxidative stress and inflammation in the body, as well as raise cardiovascular disease risk. The study revealed an association between high consumption of ultra-processed foods and increased mortality risk independent of other factors such as smoking, obesity, and overall diet quality.
Participants in the study were aged from roughly 73 to 94 at the time of follow-up, highlighting the potential long-term impact of ultra-processed foods on mortality in older populations. The study suggests that it is never too late to make beneficial dietary changes, and that reducing consumption of ultra-processed foods may have positive effects on health outcomes. Younger individuals were found to consume more ultra-processed foods than older individuals, potentially due to factors such as convenience, affordability, and marketing of these foods.
The American diet contains a mix of foods along the processing spectrum, with some processed foods providing nutritional benefits through fortification. However, a high consumption of ultra-processed foods can lead to an over-reliance on calorie-dense foods lacking in essential nutrients. While the NOVA classification system is useful for assessing the degree of processing, it does not account for the nutritional value of foods. It is important for individuals to receive personalized dietary recommendations based on their specific needs and goals, in addition to limiting consumption of ultra-processed foods.
