Deforestation and unsustainable farming practices worldwide are leading to the degradation of crucial ecosystems, with significant implications for climate change and water resources. While there is increasing interest in using ecosystem restoration as a nature-based solution for climate mitigation, the feasibility and potential benefits of this approach are unclear. Previous studies have not fully examined the impact of ecosystem restoration on water availability, especially in regions facing water scarcity.
A study led by scientists on four different continents sought to address this gap by assessing the potential for restoring degraded lands, capturing carbon from the atmosphere through ecosystem restoration, and determining the water requirements for supporting these ecosystems. By comparing these water requirements to current and projected future water availability, the researchers were able to identify trade-offs and synergies between carbon sequestration goals and water security, providing valuable insights for guiding sustainable ecosystem restoration strategies.
The findings of the study indicate that maximal carbon restoration on a global scale could lead to a 26% decline in global water availability per capita. In the current period, 38 out of 175 countries would experience a decline of over 100%, essentially depleting their water resources. Additionally, 20 countries currently not facing water scarcity would transition into conditions of water scarcity under maximal carbon restoration, with Australia being particularly affected. On the other hand, 58 countries would experience increased water availability per capita.
Overall, the results suggest that carbon restoration efforts could have adverse effects on water security in many countries, especially in dry regions and densely populated areas. As countries develop their net-zero strategies, it is crucial for policymakers to carefully consider the trade-offs between carbon storage and water resource management in different climatic, ecological, and societal contexts. This study provides a valuable framework for integrating carbon restoration and water security objectives more effectively, offering guidance for decision-makers, researchers, and practitioners.
This research highlights the complexity of balancing climate mitigation goals with the need to ensure water security, particularly in regions already facing water scarcity. As the global community works towards achieving sustainability and resilience in the face of climate change, the findings of this study underscore the importance of developing holistic strategies that take into account the interplay between ecosystem restoration, carbon sequestration, and water resources. By integrating these factors into policy and practice, it is possible to achieve more synergistic and sustainable outcomes in the pursuit of a healthier planet for future generations.