Researchers from Boston Children’s Hospital have discovered that blocking the GLP-1 receptor triggers the body’s immune response to colorectal cancer development in a mouse model. GLP-1 agonist medications targeting this receptor have gained popularity in the treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity, with some receiving FDA approval for weight management. While some studies have shown positive effects such as improved cardiovascular health, others have linked GLP-1 medications to negative outcomes like an increased risk of pancreatitis and depression.
Through their study, the researchers found that the GLP-1 receptor acts as a negative costimulatory molecule in T lymphocytes, suppressing their activity. Blocking this receptor in mice with colorectal cancer triggered anti-tumor immune activity, suggesting a potential therapeutic role for GLP-1 receptor antagonism in oncology. The researchers plan to develop a clinical-grade method to antagonize the GLP-1 receptor and bring it to the clinic for cancer treatment.
Experts not involved in the study have commented on its implications for individuals taking GLP-1 agonist medications like Ozempic and Wegovy. Dr. Anton Bilchik emphasized the importance of investigating potential adverse effects of these drugs, given their increasing use and positive effects on weight loss and cardiovascular disease. The study’s findings suggest blocking the GLP-1 receptor may reduce the risk of colorectal cancer, raising concerns about the use of GLP-1 agonists. Further research is needed to determine the full impact of GLP-1 medications on cancer risk and immune response.
Dr. Glenn Parker highlighted previous research linking obesity to an increased risk of colon and rectal cancer, as well as studies indicating a potential protective effect of GLP-1 agonists in individuals with type 2 diabetes. The study’s results suggest that using the GLP-1 receptor as an antagonist can have anti-tumor effects and reduce tumor size in a mouse model of colorectal cancer. However, additional studies are required to replicate these findings in human cancer cell lines and investigate the potential molecular genetic differences in individuals taking GLP-1 receptor medications.
Overall, this study sheds light on the complex role of the GLP-1 receptor in regulating the immune response to cancer development. By blocking the receptor, researchers were able to stimulate the immune system to destroy cancer cells, suggesting a novel therapeutic approach for combating colorectal cancer. As the use of GLP-1 agonist medications continues to rise, further research is needed to fully understand the implications of these drugs on cancer risk and immune function, underscoring the importance of investigating potential adverse effects and developing targeted therapies based on these new insights.
