Summarize this content to 2000 words in 6 paragraphs in Arabic Even before the fog of war had begun to lift, the Chengdu Aircraft Company\u2019s stock had started to soar.Almost three decades after first taking to the skies, the Chinese plane-maker\u2019s first fighter jet, the J-10 Vigorous Dragon, had finally seen combat \u2014 and survived. By 4am on May 7, Chinese diplomats in Islamabad were at the foreign ministry, poring over results from the first face-off between modern Chinese warplanes, replete with missiles and radars untested in battle, and advanced western hardware deployed by India. As evidence mounted, while remaining inconclusive, that a Pakistani pilot in the latest variant of the Vigorous Dragon may have shot down India\u2019s French-made Rafale jet, Chengdu\u2019s share price leapt more than 40 per cent in just two days. \u201cThere\u2019s no better advertisement than a real combat situation,\u201d said Yun Sun, a specialist in Chinese military affairs at the Stimson Center in Washington DC. \u201cThis came as a pleasant surprise for China\u2009.\u2009.\u2009.\u2009the result is quite striking.\u201d While India and Pakistan may be embroiled in their deepest skirmish in decades, the conflict is also a testing ground for equipment crucial to a different rivalry \u2014 that between China and the US-led western alliance. About 81 per cent of Pakistan\u2019s military equipment comes from China, including more than half its 400-strong fighter and ground attack aircraft, according to estimates by the Stockholm Peace Research Institute and the International Institute for Strategic Studies.\u00a0 That reflects an \u201call weather friendship\u201d that China has cultivated since the 1960s with Pakistan to try and ringfence India. The materiel it provides Pakistan has evolved alongside China\u2019s own defence industry, said Andrew Small, an expert on Pakistan-China relations at the German Marshall Foundation.\u201cAside from the co-operation on nuclear weapons and ballistic missiles, a lot of what China supplied used to be low-end stuff \u2014 tanks, artillery, small arms,\u201d said Small. Now, however, Pakistan \u201cis becoming a showcase for some of China\u2019s newer capabilities\u201d.India, meanwhile, has emerged as the world\u2019s largest weapons importer as its wealth and regional ambitions have grown. Over the past decade, it has shifted from a reliance on Russian suppliers to the US, France and Israel for almost half of its own recent purchases, including sophisticated fighter jets, transport aircraft and combat and surveillance drones. \u201cThis is the most important global aspect here \u2014 this is the first time Chinese military equipment has been tested against top notch western equipment,\u201d said Sushant Singh, lecturer at South Asian Studies at Yale University. \u201cWhenever and however this ends, the balance sheet will tell us what will happen in Taiwan, and which direction should western defence companies go to counter the low cost and high tech capabilities that the Chinese have shown.\u201d When countries go to war, their allies watch and learn. After Ukraine repelled a nearly 50-mile column of Russian armour \u2014 tanks, armoured vehicles and others \u2014 using modern, shoulder-fired British and American missiles, Indian diplomats in Kyiv were monitoring it closely. \u201cIs it true what they say about Russian tanks \u2014 clumsy, easily lolly-popped,\u201d one asked an FT journalist returning from the frontline, referring to how missiles would blow the tops off tanks.When Taiwan saw how effective the US-made Himars medium-range precision missile system was at hitting Russian targets behind the frontline, it lobbied to move up the delivery of its own orders. By next year, it will own almost 30 of the truck-mounted systems \u2014 which is more than Ukraine. Even short skirmishes, such as those India and Pakistan have regularly fought, serve a unique purpose. Enemies test each other, and show off their own capabilities, seeking to enforce existing red lines and set new ones. They generate vast amounts of operational data that shapes the next skirmish \u2014 or wins the next war. Allies share that data and arms manufacturers analyse it, tweaking their own weapons systems. Defence attach\u00e9s from China\u2019s western rivals were waiting \u201cimpatiently\u201d, said one in New Delhi, for India to share the radar and electronic signatures of the J-10C while in combat mode so that their own aerial defences could be trained on it. Similarly for China, this skirmish was a test not just of the aircraft but the sophisticated radar system \u2014 called an active electronically scanned array \u2014 mounted in the front of the plane. The combat tested its ability to not just hunt out threats but help guide the missiles.Aurangzeb Ahmed, Pakistan\u2019s deputy chief of air operations, said PL-15 variants were among the missiles used in the skirmish this week. The hour-long engagement would be \u201cstudied in the classroom\u201d, bragged Ahmed. \u201cWe knocked some sense into these guys.\u201dRobert Tollast, a researcher at the Royal United Services Institute in London, said the use of PL-15E missile could be \u201chighly significant\u201d. Indian media reported that an intact PL-15 had been recovered, providing a chance to study its secrets. \u201cIf confirmed, we have now seen the demonstration of a Chinese-made AESA on a beyond-visual-range-missile, used in combat,\u201d he said. Western nations and Russia have been battle testing their versions of AESA\u2019s for decades. Details of just this single skirmish \u2014 such as how many missiles were fired to successfully hit a target \u2014 \u201ccould be tremendously useful for the Chinese in evaluating the capability of this weapon\u201d, Tollast said.Neither the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs, nor Chengdu Aircraft responded to a request for comment. On the other side of the ledger, the success of Indian missiles \u2014 many of them reportedly long-range French SCALP missiles \u2014 in finding their targets showed both the weakness and paucity of Pakistani aerial defences.Pakistan is known to deploy China\u2019s HQ-9 systems, which are a generation behind the sophistication of Russian S-400s and are at the top-end of India\u2019s inventory.\u201cThe fact is that even at a time of extreme high alert, Indian missiles penetrated Pakistani airspace without being detected,\u201d said Laxman Kumar Behera, who specialises on India\u2019s national security at Jawaharlal Nehru University in New Delhi. India\u2019s retaliation on Thursday targeted Pakistan\u2019s \u201cair defence radars and systems at a number of locations in Pakistan\u201d, according to the Indian military. \u201cThat\u2019s a very precise display of a very high-end capability \u2014 taking out the defences, rather than an actual target,\u201d said a senior western diplomat based in Delhi. \u201cIt\u2019s a carefully calibrated warning \u2014 it says, look, if we can come take the lock off your door, then we can come into the house whenever we want.\u201d Both India and Pakistan have gleaned crucial details about their rival\u2019s strengths from past clashes \u2014 and identified weaknesses of their own. After India successfully wrested back territory in the Himalayas from a Pakistani encroachment in 1999, an internal inquiry showed its ageing Russian fleet of MiG\u2019s struggled to manoeuvre in the mountain passes, or find targets in the snow while evading shoulder mounted missiles.Three aircraft were shot down in three days before India switched to French Mirages \u2014 the first deployment of precision and laser guided missiles by the Indian Air Force, and the beginning of a shift away from Russian to western aircraft.Similarly, after India responded to the 2019 killing of 40 security personnel by a Pakistan-based militant group with air strikes in the Balakot region of Pakistan, it not only lost a MiG 21 aircraft but its forces mistakenly shot down a helicopter in a friendly fire incident, killing seven. \u201cThe officers of the Pakistani army have looked after me very well \u2014 they are thorough gentlemen,\u201d the captured pilot was shown saying in a propaganda video before his release. \u201cAnd the tea is fantastic.\u201dThe two incidents underscored that India lacked sufficient airborne early warning and control systems \u2014 planes that fly at high altitudes carrying sophisticated radars and sensors that can detect enemy aircraft, missiles and drones at range. But India\u2019s bureaucratic challenges made learning from each skirmish difficult, and inefficient, as compared to a simpler procurement system for Pakistan, which has one main supplier \u2014 China \u2014 and a military that dominates the country.Only in March this year did India issue an \u201cacceptance of necessity\u201d notice to triple India\u2019s fleet of such early warning aircraft to 18. Their deployment is years away.\u201cIf these tit-for-tat aerial retaliations continue for much longer, India will feel their absence sorely,\u201d said a second western defence attach\u00e9 based in New Delhi. \u201cIf it turns out that India lost a French jet to a Chinese missile fired from over 100km away, then that need is clearly urgent.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Summarize this content to 2000 words in 6 paragraphs in Arabic Even before the fog of war had begun to lift, the Chengdu Aircraft Company\u2019s stock had started to soar.Almost three decades after first taking to the skies, the Chinese plane-maker\u2019s first fighter jet, the J-10 Vigorous Dragon, had finally seen combat \u2014 and survived.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[63],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-307454","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-tech"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/globetimeline.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/307454","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/globetimeline.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/globetimeline.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/globetimeline.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/globetimeline.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=307454"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/globetimeline.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/307454\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/globetimeline.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=307454"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/globetimeline.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=307454"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/globetimeline.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=307454"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}