Summarize this content to 2000 words in 6 paragraphs in Arabic
\n A new study by the University of California, Berkeley found that hate speech rose by 50 per cent in the months after billionaire Elon Musk purchased X, formerly Twitter.
\n ADVERTISEMENTHate speech rose by 50 per cent on social media platform X in the months after billionaire Elon Musk bought it, according to a new study.The study from the University of California Berkeley, which was published in the Public Library of Science journal on Wednesday, used artificial intelligence (AI) to randomly collect X posts that contained terms or phrases that are linked to English hate speech from Musk\u2019s acquisition of X (then known as Twitter) in October 2022 until June 2023, when he stepped down as CEO.\u00a0Researchers then sorted through them to check if each post met the criteria and to get rid of any duplicates or reposts.\u00a0They also collected a \u201ccontrol group\u201d of posts from January 2022 onwards to compare the amount of hate on the platform.\u00a0The analysis found that hate speech doubled in the weeks before Musk\u2019s Twitter takeover and lasted through till May 2023.\u00a0During this time, the number of likes on posts that used specific homophobic, transphobic, and racist slurs went up by 70 per cent, suggesting that more users were exposed.\u00a0\u201cI think the increases in hate speech we see are concerning because that may mean\u2026 marginalised communities feel unwelcome or unsafe on the platform,\u201d Dan Hickey, PhD student at Berkeley, told Euronews Next.\u00a0The report continued that the number of bots and other inauthentic accounts did not decrease during this time despite Musk\u2019s public pledges to reduce them.\u00a0Their study follows others that have noted an increase in hate speech or antisemitism after Musk\u2019s 2022 acquisition, includingreports from the Institute for Strategic Dialogue (ISD) and the Centre for Countering DigitalHate.\u00a0More transparency needed from X on platform changesTwo spikes in hate speech happened before Musk became CEO: one in April 2022 to coincide with a widespread advertising campaign that featured a trans woman, the Berkeley report continued.\u00a0The second was the few weeks in October ahead of Musk\u2019s takeover.\u00a0The report continued that a \u201creshuffling of leadership\u201d happenedshortly after Musk became CEO, along with thedisbanding of the Trust and Safety Advisory Council that dealt with content moderation.\u00a0However, the researchers say they can\u2019t make \u201cfirm conclusions\u201d about whether Musk caused the spike in hate speech on X because of limited information on \u201cspecific internal changes\u201d on the platform.\u00a0\u201cTo be able to really draw a definitive connection\u2026 one would need to know more about exactly what changed and when it changed, and the organisation has not been transparent about that,\u201d Daniel Fessler, anthropology professor at Berkeley and part of the research team, told Euronews Next.\u00a0After June 2023, Hickey said X started charging for data collected by their Application Programming Interface (API) and they no longer had the budget to extend their study.\u00a0ADVERTISEMENTWhat is X\u2019s stance on hate speech?Days after Twitter\u2019s acquisition, Musksaid that the company\u2019s \u201cstrong commitment to content moderation remains absolutely unchanged,\u201d and that hate speech has declined since his ownership.\u00a0\u201cFreedom of speech doesn\u2019t mean freedom of reach,\u201d Musk wrote at thetime in a post on X. \u201cNegativity should & will get less reach than positivity\u201d.X\u2019s helppage says that users \u201cmay not directly attack other people on the basis of race,\u00a0 ethnicity, national origin, caste, sexual orientation, gender, gender identity, religious affiliation, age, disability, or serious disease,\u201d on the platform.\u00a0The platform\u2019s most recent transparencyreport disclosed that they suspended over 2,000 accounts and took down just under 5 million hateful posts of the more than 66 million hateful conduct user complaints filed between January and June 2024.ADVERTISEMENTThe company also counts hate speech in its \u201cabuse and harassment\u201d category.\u00a0Of the 82 million complaints received, X suspended a million accounts and removed or labelled 2.6 million posts, the reportfound.\u00a0More recently, Xsigned a voluntary EU pledge to fight online hate speech. The agreement asks social media companies to let experts monitor how companies review hate speech notices and teach users how to flag illegal hate content on their sites.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Summarize this content to 2000 words in 6 paragraphs in Arabic A new study by the University of California, Berkeley found that hate speech rose by 50 per cent in the months after billionaire Elon Musk purchased X, formerly Twitter. ADVERTISEMENTHate speech rose by 50 per cent on social media platform X in the months<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":205127,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[60],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-205126","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-politics"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/globetimeline.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/205126","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/globetimeline.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/globetimeline.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/globetimeline.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/globetimeline.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=205126"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/globetimeline.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/205126\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":205128,"href":"https:\/\/globetimeline.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/205126\/revisions\/205128"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/globetimeline.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/205127"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/globetimeline.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=205126"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/globetimeline.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=205126"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/globetimeline.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=205126"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}