Summarize this content to 2000 words in 6 paragraphs in Arabic On Monday, the world watched as $1tn was wiped off the stock market in a single day, a huge bonfire kindled by the little-known Chinese artificial intelligence start-up DeepSeek. Its release of a new AI model, known as R1, upended assumptions about US supremacy in AI and raised the prospect that some in China are learning how to beat Silicon Valley at its own game.The model can \u201creason\u201d to solve complex scientific problems and performs at par with leading-edge software from US tech giants, but was apparently developed at a fraction of the price of those models. It quickly dislodged OpenAI\u2019s ChatGPT as the most-downloaded free app on the US iOS App store.Alongside the geopolitical challenge, DeepSeek\u2019s breakthrough has dual implications for the tech industry. Firstly, it is likely to accelerate the commercial development and uptake of AI, much as ChatGPT did in 2022.At the same time, it threatens to demolish investment assumptions that have underpinned the entire US stock market, by seeming to show that developing advanced AI models does not require vast amounts of infrastructure and thus capital.The question being asked with sudden urgency from California to Wall Street: Has China caught up in AI at just the moment that many working in the field claim they are on the brink of a historic breakthrough that will put machines on a par with human-level intelligence \u2014 a threshold known as artificial general intelligence?\u201c[DeepSeek\u2019s] algorithmic innovations remind us that China and the US are neck and neck and that our technological edge isn\u2019t guaranteed, pushing our industry to make AI more efficient,\u201d says Eric Schmidt, the former chief executive and chair of Google. \u201cTo get to AGI first, we\u2019ll need to continue to invest in talent, support our vibrant open-source ecosystem, and ensure we out-innovate, not just outspend, our competitors.\u201dDeepSeek was founded on Silicon Valley-style levels of ambition. It started out in 2023 as a side project for the eccentric hedge fund billionaire Liang Wenfeng, just as the race to replicate ChatGPT was heating up. It has since turned into one of China\u2019s leading AI labs.\u201cWhy is Silicon Valley so innovative? Because they dare to do things,\u201d Liang said in an interview last year. \u201cWhen ChatGPT came out, the tech community in China lacked confidence in frontier innovation.\u201dHe added: \u201cFrom investors to [Chinese] big tech, they all thought that the gap was too big and opted to focus on applications instead. But innovation starts with confidence.\u201dAs state-owned funds in China have taken on a larger role funding start-ups in the past few years, the entrepreneurial ecosystem has felt pressured to guarantee returns for fear of losing the country\u2019s assets. DeepSeek is distinctive among Chinese generative AI start-ups in that it has not raised any external financing and has therefore been free from these constraints.A pure research lab, echoing the early days of DeepMind in the UK and OpenAI in the US, DeepSeek has focused all its effort on pushing the field of AI forward, rather than trying to make money. And even though it prides itself on being entirely founded on homegrown talent, it has adopted a culture often found in the US tech heartland.\u201cIt\u2019s unique among Chinese AI companies,\u201d says an AI investor in China. \u201cThere is no politics or management friction like at the other big tech companies or larger start-ups. People don\u2019t have specific titles or reporting lines.\u201dDeepSeek\u2019s origins as a quantitative hedge fund meant it had engineering talent with a deep understanding of chips. Its breakthrough turned on its apparent success at training advanced AI models without spending the hundreds of millions of dollars its US rivals have. It claimed that the final training step for R1 cost only $5.6mn. The figure, however, doesn\u2019t include many other costs involved in developing its models, including computing infrastructure and previous training runs, making it hard to draw precise comparisons. It may also have cut corners to save costs: OpenAI claims to have evidence that DeepSeek trained on the output from OpenAI\u2019s own models \u2014 not something allowed under its terms of use, though an underhand practice thought to be widely used by US companies as well.Ironically, Washington\u2019s attempt to hamper China\u2019s AI sector by imposing export controls on high-end US chips from 2022 onwards may have contributed to DeepSeek\u2019s breakthrough. Without access to leading-edge silicon, the company was forced to find innovative ways to squeeze higher performance out of the less sophisticated chips it was able to buy.The company\u2019s claims about the low cost and advanced capabilities of its models have touched off a heated debate about how disruptive the company will turn out to be. Silicon Valley\u2019s leaders have paid tribute to its innovations, while also playing down their significance.OpenAI CEO Sam Altman called the R1 model \u201cimpressive\u201d, while Mark Zuckerberg, chief executive of Meta, credited the company with making \u201cadvances that we will hope to implement in our systems\u201d. Yet Zuckerberg also cast DeepSeek\u2019s breakthrough as just one among many in a field that is moving at breakneck speed, making it hard to tell how deeply its low-cost approach would change the dynamics of the industry, he said.According to some China tech watchers, DeepSeek\u2019s advances aren\u2019t significant enough to change the fact that the country\u2019s AI companies have been fast followers, largely devoted to emulating their US counterparts rather than setting the direction themselves.\u201cDeepSeek\u2019s work falls into that category. What would really turn the tables in US-China competition is if they built something that actually pushed the frontier. We\u2019ll see if they get there,\u201d says Helen Toner, an AI policy analyst at Georgetown\u2019s Center for Security and Emerging Technology, and a former board member at OpenAI.Yet others say that the fact that a Chinese tech start-up has been behind the latest head-turning advance represents a watershed moment, changing the dynamic in the AI race between the two countries.\u201cDeepSeek\u2019s latest models may not mean that China is pulling ahead of the US in the AI race, but it does prove that Chinese companies are making remarkable strides in software innovation that mitigate the constraints imposed by US export controls,\u201d wrote Tilly Zhang, a China tech analyst at Gavekal Dragonomics, a China-focused research firm, in a note published this week. \u201cThe race for AI leadership is no longer just about who has access to the best chips, but about who puts them to best use.\u201dWhile the significance of DeepSeek\u2019s technical breakthroughs is a matter of debate, there is no mistaking the shockwave that passed through the stock market as investors digested the implications of its main innovation: dramatically cutting the cost of training for the most advanced AI models.DeepSeek\u2019s models appear to undermine the argument that US AI companies have made vociferously over the past year: that AI advances require vast amounts of capital and infrastructure to develop and deploy their technology at scale. Instead, they suggest that far more expensive, US-developed models would have little to differentiate them, raising fears among investors of a sharp deflationary shock.\u201cThere was a sense of American exceptionalism \u2014 that only America had this technology, and only Americans had the money to do this,\u201d says Jim Tierney, a US growth stock investor at AllianceBernstein. \u201cThe commoditisation of these models is happening much faster than we thought.\u201d Much of Silicon Valley fell back on the argument that others in the industry will quickly copy DeepSeek\u2019s innovations, bringing down the cost of training AI models across the board. Executives like Microsoft\u2019s Satya Nadella claimed it will make the technology more affordable for customers and boost its use \u2014 something that would benefit the entire industry.In a sign of the company\u2019s confidence in its status, DeepSeek has published its research and released its models in \u201copen-weights\u201d form, a more limited version of open-source software that allows anyone to download, use and modify the technology.The move will attract a wide international following among software developers looking for \u201copen\u201d models to build applications on. Most models developed by Silicon Valley\u2019s leading AI companies remain closed, though there are exceptions \u2014 notably Meta, whose open models have surged in popularity.A whole number of developers are experimenting with what\u2019s now a Chinese open source AI-based solutionBut Deepseek\u2019s model is accessible at a far lower cost. The Chinese company says it charges only 1.4 cents for each 1mn tokens it generates \u2014 roughly equivalent to 700,000 words. By contrast, Meta charges $2.80 for the same output from its largest models.\u201cA whole number of developers are experimenting with what\u2019s now a Chinese open source AI-based solution,\u201d says Keegan McBride, a researcher at the Oxford Internet Institute who focuses on the geopolitics of AI. \u201cIt really shows that in the AI space, the US isn\u2019t the only option on the table.\u201dWhile Yann LeCun, chief AI scientist at Meta, described DeepSeek in glowing terms as proof that \u201copen-source models are surpassing proprietary ones\u201d, the start-up nonetheless poses a direct challenge to Meta.The company\u2019s \u201cclaim to fame has been creating open-weight models that aren\u2019t too far behind the bleeding edge, and DeepSeek just beat them at their own game,\u201d says Toner.Beyond Deepseek\u2019s impact on the market for AI products, its breakthrough also promises to have geopolitical repercussions, coming at what many believe is a pivotal moment in the competition between the US and China for AI supremacy.If R1 and its successors become the global standard for \u201copen\u201d AI models, it would handicap the US, warned Meta\u2019s Zuckerberg. \u201cFor our national advantage, it\u2019s important that it\u2019s an American standard,\u201d he said. \u201cWe want to build the AI system that people around the world are using.\u201dDeepSeek has \u201caccelerated the urgency for people in every country to assess\u2009.\u2009.\u2009.\u2009the technological balance of power emerging between various countries,\u201d says Craig Mundie, a Microsoft veteran and former White House adviser, who counsels OpenAI\u2019s Sam Altman on tech policy and strategy. If China has managed to get on to an equal footing with the US on AI, it has implications for everything that the technology could eventually be used for, warned Dario Amodei, CEO of US AI start-up Anthropic.\u201cIt seems likely that China could direct more talent, capital and focus to military applications of the technology,\u201d Amodei wrote of DeepSeek\u2019s advances. \u201cCombined with its large industrial base and military-strategic advantages, this could help China take a commanding lead on the global stage, not just for AI but for everything.\u201dMundie, who also chairs the US-China AI Dialogue diplomatic forum established by the late US secretary of state Henry Kissinger, pointed out that AI was the \u201cultimate dual use technology\u201d, meaning it has both positive and dangerous purposes. The emergence of DeepSeek is likely to hang over discussions when the diplomatic group convenes within the next 90 days to discuss a multilateral but common safety structure for AI software, which Mundie writes about in his latest book Genesis, co-authored with Kissinger and Schmidt.\u201cIt doesn\u2019t mean everyone will have the same laws or rules, but [building] the architecture by which these machines grow up understanding human values and comport with societal choices everywhere in the world, I think is an urgent task,\u201d Mundie says.Meanwhile, aspiring young entrepreneurs in China are looking towards DeepSeek and its founder as inspiration to build a new generation of powerful technology. A teenager who came to pay respects at Liang\u2019s house in the village of Mililing this week says: \u201cHe is a pragmatic technologist. He put together a team that\u2009.\u2009.\u2009.\u2009surpassed those of companies like OpenAI that we couldn\u2019t compete with before. He is a great person who has made contributions to China.\u201d Additional reporting by Melissa Heikkila in London<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Summarize this content to 2000 words in 6 paragraphs in Arabic On Monday, the world watched as $1tn was wiped off the stock market in a single day, a huge bonfire kindled by the little-known Chinese artificial intelligence start-up DeepSeek. Its release of a new AI model, known as R1, upended assumptions about US supremacy<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[63],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-188387","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-tech"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/globetimeline.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/188387","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/globetimeline.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/globetimeline.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/globetimeline.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/globetimeline.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=188387"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/globetimeline.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/188387\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/globetimeline.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=188387"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/globetimeline.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=188387"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/globetimeline.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=188387"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}