Summarize this content to 2000 words in 6 paragraphs in Arabic
\n WASHINGTON (AP) \u2014 How good would an algorithm have to be to take over your job?It\u2019s a new question for many workers amid the rise of ChatGPT and other AI programs that can hold conversations, write stories and even generate songs and images within seconds.For doctors who review scans to spot cancer and other diseases, however, AI has loomed for about a decade as more algorithms promise to improve accuracy, speed up work and, in some cases, take over entire parts of the job. Predictions have ranged from doomsday scenarios in which AI fully replaces radiologists, to sunny futures in which it frees them to focus on the most rewarding aspects of their work. That tension reflects how AI is rolling out across health care. Beyond the technology itself, much depends upon the willingness of doctors to put their trust \u2014 and their patients\u2019 health \u2014 in the hands of increasingly sophisticated algorithms that few understand.<\/p>\n
Even within the field, opinions differ on how much radiologists should be embracing the technology.\u201cSome of the AI techniques are so good, frankly, I think we should be doing them now,\u201d said Dr. Ronald Summers, a radiologist and AI researcher at the National Institutes of Health. \u201cWhy are we letting that information just sit on the table?\u201d<\/p>\n
Summers\u2019 lab has developed computer-aided imaging programs that detect colon cancer, osteoporosis, diabetes and other conditions. None of those have been widely adopted, which he attributes to the \u201cculture of medicine,\u201d among other factors.<\/p>\n
Radiologists have used computers to enhance images and flag suspicious areas since the 1990s. But the latest AI programs can go much further, interpreting the scans, offering a potential diagnosis and even drafting written reports about their findings. The algorithms are often trained on millions of X-rays and other images collected from hospitals.<\/p>\n
Across all of medicine, the FDA has OK\u2019d more than 700 AI algorithms to aid physicians. More than 75% of them are in radiology, yet just 2% of radiology practices use such technology, according to one recent estimate.For all the promises from industry, radiologists see a number of reasons to be skeptical of AI programs: limited testing in real-world settings, lack of transparency about how they work and questions about the demographics of the patients used to train them.\u201cIf we don\u2019t know on what cases the AI was tested, or whether those cases are similar to the kinds of patients we see in our practice, there\u2019s just a question in everyone\u2019s mind as to whether these are going to work for us,\u201d said Dr. Curtis Langlotz, a radiologist who runs an AI research center at Stanford University.To date, all the programs cleared by the FDA require a human to be in the loop.In early 2020, the FDA held a two-day workshop to discuss algorithms that could operate without human oversight. Shortly afterwards, radiology professionals warned regulators in a letter that they \u201cstrongly believe it is premature for the FDA to consider approval or clearance\u201d of such systems.<\/p>\n
But European regulators in 2022 approved the first fully automatic software that reviews and writes reports for chest X-rays that look healthy and normal. The company behind the app, Oxipit, is submitting its U.S. application to the FDA.The need for such technology in Europe is urgent, with some hospitals facing monthslong backlogs of scans due to a shortage of radiologists.In the U.S., that kind of automated screening is likely years away. Not because the technology isn\u2019t ready, according to AI executives, but because radiologists aren\u2019t yet comfortable turning over even routine tasks to algorithms.\u201cWe try to tell them they\u2019re overtreating people and they\u2019re wasting a ton of time and resources,\u201d said Chad McClennan, CEO of Koios Medical, which sells an AI tool for ultrasounds of the thyroid, the vast majority of which are not cancerous. \u201cWe tell them, \u2018Let the machine look at it, you (review and) sign the report and be done with it.\u2019\u201dRadiologists tend to overestimate their own accuracy, McClennan says. Research by his company found physicians viewing the same breast scans disagreed with each other more than 30% of the time on whether to do a biopsy. The same radiologists even disagreed with their own initial assessments 20% of the time, when viewing the same images a month later.<\/p>\n
About 20% of breast cancers are missed during routine mammograms, according to the National Cancer Institute.And then there\u2019s the potential for cost savings. On average, U.S. radiologists earn over $350,000 annually, according to the Department of Labor.In the near term, experts say AI will work like autopilot systems on planes \u2014 performing important navigation functions, but always under the supervision of a human pilot.That approach offers reassurances to both doctors and patients, says Dr. Laurie Margolies, of Mount Sinai hospital network in New York. The system uses Koios breast imaging AI to get a second opinion on breast ultrasounds.<\/p>\n
\u201cI will tell patients, \u2018I looked at it, and the computer looked at it, and we both agree,\u2019\u201d Margolies said. \u201cHearing me say that we both agree, I think that gives the patient an even greater level of confidence.\u201dThe first large, rigorous studies testing AI-assisted radiologists against those working alone give hints at the potential improvements.Initial results from a Swedish study of 80,000 women showed a single radiologist working with AI detected 20% more cancers than two radiologists working without the technology.In Europe, mammograms are reviewed by two radiologists to improve accuracy. But Sweden, like other countries, faces a workforce shortage, with only a few dozen breast radiologists in a country of 10 million people.Using AI instead of a second reviewer decreased the human workload by 44%, according to the study.Still, the study\u2019s lead author says it\u2019s essential that a radiologist make the final diagnosis in all cases.If an automated algorithm misses a cancer, \u201cthat\u2019s going to be very negative for trust in the caregiver,\u201d said Dr. Kristina Lang of Lund University.The question of who could be held liable in such cases is among the thorny legal issues that have yet to be resolved.One result is that radiologists are likely to continue double-checking all AI determinations, lest they be held responsible for an error. That\u2019s likely to wipe out many of the predicted benefits, including reduced workload and burnout.Only an extremely accurate, reliable algorithm would allow radiologists to truly step away from the process, says Dr. Saurabh Jha of the University of Pennsylvania.Until such systems emerge, Jha likens AI-assisted radiology to someone who offers to help you drive by looking over your shoulder and constantly pointing out everything on the road.\u201cThat\u2019s not helpful,\u201d Jha says. \u201cIf you want to help me drive then you take over the driving so that I can sit back and relax.\u201d___The Associated Press Health and Science Department receives support from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute\u2019s Science and Educational Media Group and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. The AP is solely responsible for all content.<\/p>\n
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Summarize this content to 2000 words in 6 paragraphs in Arabic WASHINGTON (AP) \u2014 How good would an algorithm have to be to take over your job?It\u2019s a new question for many workers amid the rise of ChatGPT and other AI programs that can hold conversations, write stories and even generate songs and images within<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":112276,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[64],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-112275","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-science"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/globetimeline.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/112275","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/globetimeline.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/globetimeline.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/globetimeline.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/globetimeline.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=112275"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/globetimeline.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/112275\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":112277,"href":"https:\/\/globetimeline.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/112275\/revisions\/112277"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/globetimeline.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/112276"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/globetimeline.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=112275"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/globetimeline.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=112275"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/globetimeline.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=112275"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}