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Euronews analyses what different delegations from around the Middle East and North Africa MENA hope to get out of the “emergency summit” on Gaza, taking place in Cairo on Tuesday.
ADVERTISEMENTLeaders from across the Arab world are gathering in Cairo on Tuesday for what has been described as an “emergency summit” to bring about a unified Arab stance to counter US President Donald Trump’s recent proposal on the Gaza Strip’s future.The controversial plans laid out by the US leader aim to “take over” the Strip and displace its some 2.1 million residents to create a “riviera of the Middle East”.“This conference is extremely important because it’s meant to show to the US and Israel that the whole region is behind this other plan,” explains Riccardo Fabiani, project director for North Africa at think tank International Crisis Group.However, others are more sceptical. “(It) wasn’t massively unprecedented or a surprise … You often have these emergency summits whenever there is something of regional concern,” Palestinian academic and analyst Tahani Mustafa told Euronews.The summit was already delayed from last Thursday, as reports suggested turnout would be poor. Even now, as delegations discuss the monumental task at hand, they’re often coming at negotiations from very different angles and sometimes hoping for different outcomes.No room at the innWhile every delegation has its priorities, two of those most anxious to formulate a plan are Jordan and Egypt. Of the two, Cairo, which hosts the meeting, has reportedly been “developing a comprehensive plan for the immediate reconstruction of the Strip without any displacement of the Palestinian people.”A major reason for the two countries’ eagerness to publish an alternative proposal is that they would be most affected by Trump’s displacement plans. Egypt’s Sinai Peninsula and Jordan have been posited as locations for millions of displaced Gaza residents to relocate.Khaled Fahmy, the Egyptian Professor of MENA studies at Tufts University, says this makes the plan impossible. “(Egyptian President) Abdul Fattah al-Sisi has been steadfast in opposing this plan from the beginning of the war, even before these announcements by Trump,” he explained. “The Sinai plan is a no-starter, as far as Egypt is concerned.”The country has faced economic crises in recent years, and the influx of refugees, some of who might be Hamas fighters, is seen by some as potential further economic and security risks.Israeli media has reported that Egypt is stockpiling drones in the peninsula and has built a second border wall by the Rafah crossing into the Strip.“The concern is not just that they don’t have the operational capacity to integrate those refugees, but more importantly, they just don’t want any spillover of the conflict into their own borders,“ Mustafa said.As for Jordan, the kingdom has long been the destination of displaced Palestinians since 1948. The UN agency for Palestinians, UNRWA, says there are 2.2 million registered Palestinian refugees in the country, with the number likely much higher.This means that the authorities don’t want to take on more people. Also, much of the population, both Palestinian and otherwise, are “militantly connected to the cause” and not allowing displacement to happen.ADVERTISEMENTAs Mustafa puts it, for these states, “Palestine is as much of a domestic concern as it is a regional one right now.” And with Jordan and Egypt already feeling the effects of losing billions of dollars in USAID funding, it leaves the question of how much the countries will kowtow to Trump.Show me the moneyMany other major players in the talks hail from across the Red Sea, all coming with differing motives. On the diplomatic front, Qatar has been a pivotal player in ceasefire negotiations throughout this conflict, as well as previous outbreaks of violence between Israel and Hamas. ADVERTISEMENTPart of the reason for this is that the country always hosted Hamas’ political leaders while maintaining close ties with US intermediaries for Israel.Then there is the UAE, which is one of Israel’s closest regional allies. During the previous Trump presidency, the Emirates signed a diplomatic normalisation agreement with Israel, causing others to accuse it of sidelining the Palestinian cause.However, since the Israel-Hamas war started in 2023, the state has repeatedly spoken of its support for Palestinians. Yet, the UAE has been reticent about providing financial aid for reconstruction and also “advocated voluntary transfer to be allowed“ for Palestinians, Fahmy suggested. Publicly at least, these plans are unlikely to gain widespread support.ADVERTISEMENTOver the border, Saudi Arabia remains an extremely important player both diplomatically and financially. Crown Prince Mohammed Bin Salman has a close relationship with Trump, but the country never signed the Abraham peace accords with Israel.”Saudi Arabia has tried to forefront the Palestinian issue in terms of its negotiations around normalisation,” Mustafa said, maintaining that it “has nothing to do with its relationship with Israel and everything to do with what the Saudis can get from the Americans” — Riyadh’s key international ally.While the Palestinian Authority will be in attendance, many question its remit.“Unfortunately, its representation is encapsulated in one institution, and that one institution is being run by one man and his two lieutenants,” Tahani said.ADVERTISEMENTHowever, Fabiani believes the conference shouldn’t be taken too lightly, calling it a “delicate but existential diplomatic play (of) trying to build a coalition.”
