Metformin is a commonly prescribed oral drug used to control blood sugar levels in individuals with type 2 diabetes. However, recent studies have unveiled several potential health benefits of metformin, such as fighting cancer, obesity, and improving the health of those with liver, kidney, and cardiovascular diseases. Current research indicates that metformin may increase healthy life years and even extend lifespan, prompting interest in its potential as an anti-aging treatment.
Type 2 diabetes affects a significant portion of the global population, leading to life-threatening health complications if left untreated. Metformin was approved by the FDA in 1994 to help manage blood sugar levels in individuals with type 2 diabetes when combined with diet and exercise. It belongs to a class of drugs called biguanides and helps the body respond to insulin while reducing sugar production in the liver. Metformin is also utilized in managing polycystic ovary syndrome in women by regulating insulin levels and relieving symptoms of the hormonal disorder.
Several studies have suggested that metformin may have anti-cancer properties, combat obesity, protect the cardiovascular and nervous system, and potentially have anti-aging effects. The Targeting Aging with Metformin (TAME) Trial aims to enroll over 3,000 individuals aged 65-79 in nationwide clinical trials across the United States to investigate whether metformin can delay the development or progression of age-related chronic diseases. With the global population aging, finding ways to prolong the years of healthy life and minimize time spent with chronic conditions is crucial for individual well-being and healthcare systems.
Studies on animals have shown mixed results about metformin’s impact on lifespan. In people, metformin has demonstrated improvements in age-related diseases like type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cognitive issues, potentially leading to extended lifespan. Research indicates that metformin activates certain proteins and processes that may explain its anti-aging properties, such as regulating nutrient sensing, maintaining cellular function, and reducing oxidative stress associated with age-related conditions.
Oxidative stress plays a role in several age-related conditions, and metformin’s ability to control blood sugar helps prevent the production of excess free radicals, reducing oxidative stress and its related complications. Metformin targets pathways involved in age-related chronic diseases like heart disease, cancer, and dementia, thus potentially delaying their onset or progression. While promising, further studies are needed to explore metformin’s specific effects on facial bone health and skin aging.
The TAME trial aims to determine if metformin can target overall aging rather than treating age-related diseases individually. If successful, metformin could potentially receive FDA approval as an ‘indication’ for aging, allowing it to be prescribed as an anti-aging intervention for individuals without type 2 diabetes. While metformin may provide benefits in promoting healthy aging, possible side effects such as stomach upset or nausea should be considered. Overall, metformin’s potential as an anti-aging intervention offers hope for improving the quality of life for aging individuals.
