Polypharmacy, or taking multiple medications simultaneously, is becoming increasingly common among adults between the ages of 40 to 79. Studies show that the more medications a person takes, the higher their risk of experiencing severe side effects and drug interactions. This can lead to faster declines in memory, increased risk of falls, and serious complications that result in hospitalization. While medications are essential for improving quality of life, it is crucial to understand how people end up taking too many drugs and when to seek help in trimming their prescription list.
As people age, they often develop multiple health issues such as diabetes, heart disease, arthritis, and high blood pressure, leading to a reliance on a growing number of medications. Some patients remain on medications they no longer need, or are prescribed medications by different medical providers without proper communication. There is also a phenomenon known as a “prescription cascade,” where drugs are prescribed to treat the side effects of other medications, leading to a cycle of chasing side effects with more medications.
Older patients may be more susceptible to experiencing new or exacerbated side effects due to declining kidney and liver function, which affects the body’s ability to filter out medications. Polypharmacy is not limited to older adults, as younger adults and even children with complex chronic conditions can also end up on multiple medications. However, experts have been advocating for more guidelines on tapering or stopping prescription drugs to address the issue of polypharmacy.
To manage polypharmacy, experts recommend regular medication reviews by primary care doctors or pharmacists. Patients should make a list of all medications, including supplements and over-the-counter drugs, and bring them to appointments for review. It is also important to speak up about prescription use before starting a new drug, asking questions about side effects, potential interactions with other medications, and the necessity of the medication. Patients should also inquire about starting with a lower dosage, and work with their provider on a plan to taper off medications if needed.
Patients should also inquire about the duration of medication use and develop a plan with their provider on how to safely stop taking a medication when it is no longer necessary. Being proactive in asking questions about medications and understanding the potential risks associated with polypharmacy can help individuals avoid the complications that come from taking multiple medications simultaneously. By being informed and engaged in their healthcare decisions, individuals can work towards minimizing unnecessary medications and optimizing their overall well-being.
