A recent study published in the journal The Canadian Field-Naturalist by a team of researchers from Simon Fraser University has ranked terrestrial vertebrates in Canada based on their level of Canadian evolutionary distinctness for the first time ever. The study found that amphibians and reptiles are Canada’s most evolutionarily distinct species, with the spiny softshell turtle being the most evolutionarily distinct terrestrial animal in the land. Each species was ranked based on their national evolutionary distinctiveness (ED) scores, with the spiny softshell turtle, mudpuppy, Northern Alligator lizard, Virginia Opossum, Belted Kingfisher, and Pond Slider topping the lists for their respective taxonomic groups.
The researchers measured ED by tracing a species’ entire family tree, with higher scores indicating species that have evolved independently for longer periods of time and have fewer relatives overall. All animals in the Top 20 rankings have long evolutionary histories and unique biological features not found in any other species in Canada. This information can help national policy-makers prioritize species for conservation efforts amidst pressures on biodiversity such as climate change, habitat loss, and limited conservation resources available.
The study also rated the national distinctness of exotic species that have been introduced to Canada as a result of human activity. Surprisingly, seven exotic species made it onto the Top 20 National lists, including the European Wall Lizard, wild horse, and feral pig. The researchers suggest that exotic species should perhaps be considered as part of Canada’s biodiversity in the future, as they may also contribute to the country’s evolutionary heritage despite not being native to the region.
Despite the beaver’s iconic status in Canada, the study found that the American beaver and the mountain beaver were among the Top 20 most distinct mammals in the country, ranking at numbers three and six, respectively. This suggests that the beaver’s place as a symbol of Canadian identity is well-deserved, as it remains one of the most distinct species in the country. Overall, the study provides new insights into Canada’s biodiversity and evolutionary heritage, offering a valuable tool for conservation efforts and policy-making at the national level.
In conclusion, the study highlights the importance of considering a species’ evolutionary distinctness when prioritizing conservation efforts in the face of ongoing threats to biodiversity. By focusing on species with long evolutionary histories and unique biological features, policy-makers can better protect the national tree of life and ensure the preservation of Canada’s diverse wildlife. Additionally, the inclusion of exotic species in the rankings suggests that these non-native animals may also play a role in Canada’s evolutionary heritage, raising new questions about how they should be managed in conservation strategies. Ultimately, the findings of this study provide valuable insights into the unique biodiversity of Canada and offer guidance for future conservation initiatives.