A recent study suggests that SGLT-2 inhibitors, a type of diabetes medication, may reduce the risk of developing dementia in people with type 2 diabetes. The longer an individual takes these medications, the greater the protective effect against dementia. This is particularly important as the prevalence of dementia is on the rise globally, with aging being the primary risk factor. However, developing type 2 diabetes is also linked to an increased risk of dementia, which may help fuel the ongoing dementia epidemic.
High blood sugar levels over time can lead to damage to blood vessels in the brain, resulting in cognitive decline and an increased risk of dementia. Insulin resistance, a hallmark of type 2 diabetes, is linked to a higher chance of developing Alzheimer’s disease. Therefore, people with type 2 diabetes are at a higher risk of developing dementia due to shared cardiovascular problems that affect blood vessels in the brain.
SGLT-2 inhibitors are relatively new drugs used to treat type 2 diabetes by preventing the reabsorption of glucose by the kidneys. Some studies suggest that these medications may also reduce the risk of dementia. A recent large-scale observational study compared the risk of dementia among people with type 2 diabetes taking SGLT-2 inhibitors versus those taking DPP-4 inhibitors, another class of anti-diabetes drugs. Participants taking SGLT-2 inhibitors had a 35% reduced risk of developing dementia compared to those taking DPP-4 inhibitors.
The study also found that SGLT-2 inhibitors were associated with a 52% lower risk of vascular dementia and a 39% lower risk of Alzheimer’s disease. The protective effect against dementia was more pronounced in individuals who had been taking SGLT-2 inhibitors for more than 2 years compared to those who were on the medication for less time. However, as the study was observational, more research, such as randomized controlled trials, is needed to confirm these findings.
Managing diabetes with medication and making healthy lifestyle changes can significantly reduce a person’s risk of developing dementia. Maintaining normal blood pressure and blood sugar levels, a healthy body weight, engaging in physical activity, and avoiding tobacco use are important steps in reducing dementia risk. Dietary interventions, such as reducing alcohol intake, consuming more fiber-rich foods, and managing stress, may also be beneficial in lowering the risk of dementia in individuals with type 2 diabetes.
In conclusion, if future research confirms the results of the latest study, SGLT-2 inhibitors may be a valuable tool in reducing the incidence of dementia among people with type 2 diabetes. While the risk of developing dementia is higher in individuals with type 2 diabetes, it is not inevitable. By effectively managing diabetes through medication and adopting healthy lifestyle habits, individuals can lower their risk of developing dementia and potentially mitigate the impact of the ongoing dementia epidemic.
