Researchers from the University of Newcastle conducted a study to investigate the connection between anxiety and dementia in older adults. They found that both chronic and new-onset anxiety in older age are correlated with an increased risk of dementia. However, when anxiety was resolved, the increased dementia risk association disappeared. The study, published in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, analyzed data from about 2,000 participants with an average age of 76. Participants were followed for an average of 10 years, with scientists finding that chronic anxiety was associated with a 2.8 times higher risk of dementia, while new-onset anxiety was linked to a 3.2 times increased risk.
Lead researcher Kay Khaing emphasized that anxiety is linked to dementia pathology, including neuronal inflammation, neurodegeneration, neuronal apoptosis, and cardiovascular disease. The study revealed that managing anxiety may be a viable strategy in reducing the risk of dementia. Successful management of anxiety can decrease the chances of developing dementia in later life. Khaing highlighted the rising number of people living with dementia globally and the burden it places on society, underscoring the importance of preventing dementia by identifying ways in which dementia risk can be minimized.
Psychology expert Shannel Kassis Elhelou noted that the study validates the connection between mental and physical health, emphasizing the need for comprehensive mental health management in older adults. Addressing anxiety proactively in older patients can potentially mitigate the long-term risk of developing dementia. Elhelou urged healthcare providers to screen for anxiety in older adults and refer them to specialized mental health professionals to ensure they receive proper care. Future research should focus on understanding the mechanisms by which anxiety contributes to dementia risk and exploring effective interventions to reduce this risk.
Neuropsychologist Karen D. Sullivan raised concerns about the possibility of anxiety being an early symptom of dementia rather than a causal factor. However, the study found a dose-response curve between baseline untreated anxiety and dementia risk, suggesting that anxiety plays a role in the development of dementia. Sullivan emphasized the need for more intensive assessment and interventions for mental health symptoms in older adults, particularly anxiety. Further research should aim to isolate the specific aspects of anxiety that increase dementia risk, such as disrupted sleep, poor diet, and sedentary lifestyle. Understanding these factors can help in developing targeted interventions to reduce the risk of dementia associated with anxiety.
