A recent surge in Covid-19 cases across the nation has been attributed to three new variants—KP.3, KP.2, and LB.1. These variants have led to increases in test positivity rates, emergency department visits, hospitalizations, and deaths. Experts are questioning why there is a spike in cases during the summer months and what individuals can do to protect themselves.
The new subvariants—KP.3, KP.2, and LB.1—have evolved from the JN.1 variant of the Omicron strain and now account for over 70% of cases. These variants have mutations in the spike protein gene, making it easier for them to evade the immune system and potentially spread more efficiently. People who were vaccinated in 2023 or had a previous infection over six months ago may have lower immunity to these new variants, contributing to the spike in cases.
While the new variants are causing an increase in cases, there is no evidence to suggest that they are associated with more severe symptoms. Most infected individuals experience similar symptoms to past variants, including sore throat, fever, cough, body aches, and fatigue. However, as the number of infections rise, vulnerable populations such as the elderly and immunocompromised individuals may be at risk of developing severe disease, including difficulty breathing that may require hospitalization.
Despite the rise in cases, there are steps individuals can take to protect themselves and others. If feeling unwell, it is important to stay home and take a Covid-19 antigen test. If the test is positive, it is recommended to isolate until symptoms subside. Hosting gatherings outdoors can help reduce the spread of the virus, as it is less likely to transmit in well-ventilated spaces. If gatherings must move indoors due to high temperatures, asking guests to take a Covid-19 test before arriving can help prevent transmission.
In addition, getting an updated vaccine is crucial in staying protected against the new variants. The Food and Drug Administration has advised vaccine manufacturers to target the JN.1 lineage and, if possible, the KP.2 subvariant in the upcoming vaccine formulation. These new vaccines are expected to be available in the fall and will generate a more specific antibody response against the circulating strains. Vaccination continues to be the best tool for preventing infection and severe disease.
Overall, the rise in Covid-19 cases due to the new variants is a cause for concern, but individuals can take steps to protect themselves and others. By staying informed, getting tested when necessary, and getting vaccinated with updated formulations, it is possible to reduce transmission and keep communities safe during the ongoing pandemic.
