High blood pressure, or hypertension, is associated with a higher risk of cognitive impairment, affecting the quality of life for individuals. Researchers are interested in identifying protective factors that can reduce the risk of cognitive problems among those with high blood pressure. A recent study published in Alzheimer’s & Dementia: The Journal of the Alzheimer’s Association suggests that engaging in vigorous exercise may help decrease the risk of future cognitive impairment, including mild cognitive impairment and probable dementia.The study analyzed data from the SPRINT MIND STUDY, which included over 9,000 adults with high blood pressure. Participants who engaged in one or more sessions of vigorous physical activity per week were found to be at lower risk for cognitive impairment. The association was stronger among participants under 75 years old, Black participants, and those with prior cardiovascular disease.
High blood pressure occurs when the force of blood pressing against blood vessel walls exceeds a certain range, leading to damaged blood vessels and increased risks of heart problems and stroke. Previous research has linked high blood pressure in midlife with a higher risk for cognitive disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease and mild cognitive impairment. José Morales, MD, a vascular neurologist, explains that hypertension causes damage to the brain’s blood vessels, resulting in progressive cognitive impairment. Researchers aim to explore the protective effect of vigorous physical activity in individuals with high blood pressure who are at a higher risk of developing cognitive impairment.
The study found that participants who engaged in vigorous physical activity at least once a week had a lower risk of mild cognitive impairment and probable dementia compared to those who engaged in less frequent vigorous activity. The association was particularly strong in younger participants, Black individuals, and those with a history of cardiovascular disease. Richard Kazibwe, MD, one of the study authors, emphasizes that engaging in vigorous physical activity can help slow cognitive decline in individuals with hypertension, offering protection against dementia and mild cognitive impairment. The study highlights the importance of lifestyle modifications, such as regular exercise, in preserving brain health and function.
Despite the promising findings, the study has limitations, including reliance on self-reported data, limited diversity among participants, and potential confounding factors. Future research should include larger and more diverse populations to confirm the benefits of vigorous physical activity for maintaining cognitive function. Researchers suggest investigating the impact of moderate physical activity and sedentary behavior on cognitive status, as well as conducting longer follow-up studies to validate the results. Overall, the study provides valuable insights into the potential protective effects of vigorous exercise in individuals with high blood pressure at risk for cognitive impairment, highlighting the importance of lifestyle interventions in promoting brain health.
