Xylitol, a sugar alcohol, is commonly added to many products such as sugar-free candy and gum, as well as toothpaste. However, recent research conducted by the Cleveland Clinic suggests that high levels of circulating xylitol may be associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events such as heart attacks and strokes. The study found that subjects with the highest amount of xylitol in their plasma were more likely to experience such events, highlighting a potential link between xylitol consumption and cardiovascular risk. However, the researchers noted that their study had limitations, as clinical observation studies only demonstrate association and not causation.
Sugar alcohols like xylitol are lower-calorie substitutes for sugar and have a low glycemic index. Xylitol occurs naturally in small amounts in fruits, vegetables, corn cobs, trees, and the human body. It is often used in products as a sugar substitute due to its similar taste to sugar but with fewer calories. The research team reported that sugar substitutes such as xylitol have become increasingly popular in processed foods marketed as healthy alternatives. This study adds to the growing concern about the potential health risks associated with sugar alcohols, with previous research linking another sugar alcohol, erythritol, to cardiovascular risk.
In the study, the researchers analyzed over 3,000 subjects and found that high levels of circulating xylitol were linked to an elevated three-year risk of cardiovascular events. Pre-clinical testing confirmed these findings, showing that xylitol caused clotting in platelets and increased the risk of thrombosis. This study provides insight into the potential mechanisms by which xylitol may contribute to cardiovascular risk by affecting platelet activity and blood clot formation. However, the researchers emphasized the need for further studies to assess the long-term cardiovascular safety of xylitol and its impact on heart health.
Experts in the field caution against consuming large amounts of xylitol until its effects are better understood. Dr. Cheng-Han Chen, an interventional cardiologist, suggested that xylitol may increase the stickiness of platelets in the bloodstream, potentially raising the risk of blood clot formation in the heart or brain. Dr. Rigved Tadwalkar, a consultative cardiologist, emphasized the need for further investigation into the effects of sugar substitutes on heart health. While the study raises concerns about the cardiovascular safety of xylitol, more research is needed to definitively understand the biological processes at play and the exact impact on heart health.
Dr. Bradley Serwer, a cardiologist and chief medical officer, highlighted the historical concerns surrounding sugar substitutes and their potential impact on health. He recommended avoiding sugar substitutes and maintaining a healthy balanced diet with a low glycemic index for overall health. Dr. Serwer also emphasized the importance of considering natural sweeteners like monk fruit extract over artificial sugar substitutes. The discussion around the safety of sugar alcohols like xylitol adds another layer to the conversation about the potential risks of artificial sweeteners and the impact they may have on cardiovascular health. Further research will help to clarify the relationship between xylitol consumption and cardiovascular events, providing valuable information for consumers and healthcare professionals alike.
